In pen­ning this essayAuthor’s note : The 12th of Rabi al Aww­al, the third month of the Mus­lim cal­en­dar, marks the birth­day of our Prophet Muham­mad(P). This year it falls on Tues­day, April 11th. This event is marked with great fan­fare in many Mus­lim coun­tries, Malaysia includ­ed. Else­where such cel­e­bra­tions are frowned upon. I am ful­ly aware of this con­tro­ver­sy in the Mus­lim world., a trib­ute to our Prophet Muham­mad(P), I am not cel­e­brat­ing” Maulud-ul Nabi as Chris­tians cel­e­brate Christ­mas, rather I am hon­our­ing him by remind­ing myself of the many exem­plary qual­i­ties of this Last Rasul of Allah. 

Allah in His Wis­dom did not choose His Last Mes­sen­ger ran­dom­ly. Long before Allah had cho­sen him, Muham­mad had already demon­strat­ed his noble and ster­ling char­ac­ter. He was Al Amin, the Trust­wor­thy, to his com­mu­ni­ty. In Prophet Muham­mad(P), Allah had an uswatun hasana (“the most beau­ti­ful pat­tern of con­duct”, Surah Al Ahz­ab, 33:21). There are numer­ous Quran­ic vers­es exhort­ing Mus­lims to emu­late this exem­plar of a human being. Exhor­ta­tions from the Holy Book aside, a man whose teach­ings are being fol­lowed by one in five peo­ple on this plan­et deserves attention.

On this Maulud al Nabi, the Prophet’s birth­day, Mus­lims re-live the Seer­ah (the ways and say­ings of the Prophet) to dis­cern their mean­ings. As not­ed by the writer Adil Salahi, the best way for Mus­lims to demon­strate their love for the Prophet(P) is by fol­low­ing his teach­ings, not by singing his praises.

Aping Ver­sus Emulating

Some set a very low bar for them­selves, con­tent with imi­tat­ing the super­fi­cial­i­ties of the man. Thus they are reduced to sport­ing long beards and unshaven faces and wear­ing loose clothes and over­sized tur­bans. That is the extent, noth­ing fur­ther. They are aping, not emu­lat­ing, the prophet.

Oth­ers think they have set a high­er stan­dard by mim­ic­k­ing the prophet in acquir­ing mul­ti­ple wives. They do not emu­late him for his skills in trad­ing, his rev­er­ence for knowl­edge, or his quest for learn­ing. Suf­fice that they could imi­tate the prophet only in that one respect. We do what we can with what we have, so they pious­ly assure them­selves as they indulge in their world­ly lust, all in the name of fol­low­ing the exam­ple of the Holy Prophet of course.

Alas, they are look­ing for lust in all the wrong Seer­ahs !

They con­ve­nient­ly for­get that the prophet remained monog­a­mous for over 25 years with his first wife, Khati­jah. His sub­se­quent mar­riages fol­low­ing her death were expres­sions of his char­i­ty, not lust. Thus his wives includ­ed sin­gle moth­ers and war wid­ows. Oth­er mar­riages were for cement­ing polit­i­cal rela­tion­ships, as was the tra­di­tion then. As a leader with a con­sid­er­able fol­low­ing, he could eas­i­ly have had his groupies, if lust were his intent.

Not sat­is­fied with the lim­i­ta­tions of four wives at a time, and ful­ly aware of the severe penal­ty for adul­tery pre­scribed in the Quran, many Mus­lims ingen­u­ous­ly resort to tem­po­rary mar­riages.” Tem­po­rary as in hours or min­utes, depend­ing on their prowess ! Sur­pris­ing­ly, there are kad­his (reli­gious offi­cials) who would sol­em­nize such mar­riages”, for a fee of course. In my part of the world, such indi­vid­u­als are called pimps.

In their obses­sion with the super­fi­cial­i­ties of the Prophet (P), his well-mean­ing admir­ers miss the essence of the man. This was a man cho­sen by Allah and who eman­ci­pat­ed the Arabs from their Age of Jahiliyah (Igno­rance), and then spread the faith that today is adhered to by over a bil­lion people.

Lead­er­ship Through Per­son­al Exam­ple : Qudhrat Hassanah 

The lead­er­ship qual­i­ties I find most admirable were his humil­i­ty, his recog­ni­tion of tal­ent, and his abil­i­ty to think counter-intu­itive, or out­side the box” as the cur­rent cliché would have it.

When the Prophet received his first rev­e­la­tion, he trem­bled with fear. He was ful­ly aware of the awe­some respon­si­bil­i­ty. So fear­ful was he that he could con­fide only to his wife Khati­jah. In an era where females gen­er­al­ly and wives, in par­tic­u­lar, were mere chat­tels of men, that he took her in con­fi­dence was remark­able. It reflect­ed his inner strength and con­fi­dence in judg­ment, regard­less of the pre­vail­ing norms. He trust­ed and respect­ed his wife, a rare trait in that time and place.

It also reflect­ed his deep humil­i­ty. Less­er mor­tals who thought they had been cho­sen by God would undoubt­ed­ly pro­claim that fact loud­ly for the world to hear, à la George Bush, Jr., or Pat Robertson.

True to his humil­i­ty, he preached ini­tial­ly only to his close fam­i­ly and friends. He was ful­ly aware that his mes­sage would lit­er­al­ly turn his soci­ety upside down, trans­form­ing it for the bet­ter. He risked divid­ing his com­mu­ni­ty in the process. He had no desire to destroy his com­mu­ni­ty in order to save it, to use a Viet­nam-era maxim.

Today’s lead­ers would do well to emu­late the Prophet?s appre­ci­a­tion and recog­ni­tion of tal­ent ? mer­i­toc­ra­cy in its pris­tine form. His clos­est com­pan­ions, lat­er to be Caliphs, were tru­ly wor­thy of the appel­la­tion, Rad­hi Allah anHu (May Allah Be Pleased with them).

Rec­og­niz­ing the beau­ti­ful voice of the hith­er­to slave, Bilal, the Prophet made him call the Azzan, a sin­gu­lar hon­our. The Azzan, beau­ti­ful­ly exe­cut­ed, gives me goose­bumps ; sim­ply hollered, it grates on the ears.

In the ear­ly days of his mis­sion, to spare his fol­low­ers’ per­se­cu­tion, he arranged for them to migrate to Abyssinia for their safe­ty. That was upper­most in his mind, a true leader. In a piv­otal bat­tle at Taif when he had the ene­my under siege, he could have eas­i­ly anni­hi­lat­ed them espe­cial­ly con­sid­er­ing that they had been bru­tal to him years ear­li­er. Instead, lis­ten­ing to the coun­sel of his lieu­tenant about the fox cor­nered in a hole, he left them alone. You could smoke out the ani­mal and destroy it, or you could leave it alone and it would do you no harm.

The peo­ple of Taif lat­er embraced Islam on their own voli­tion. The Prophet intu­itive­ly rec­og­nized that in fight­ing for your cause, first cre­ate no new adver­saries. A sim­ple les­son, but dif­fi­cult to learn. This is a les­son the world des­per­ate­ly needs to learn in bat­tling terrorism.

The Prophet(P) may have received the bless­ings and rev­e­la­tions from Allah, but he was not above lis­ten­ing to advice from his young subordinates.

In preach­ing, the Prophet was care­ful in ensur­ing that his fol­low­ers mem­o­rized only the divine rev­e­la­tions, not his com­men­taries. He for­bade what would be con­sid­ered today as a per­son­al­i­ty cult. Had he not done so, every Mus­lim home would be adorned with his por­trait, cities named after him, and stat­ues erect­ed in his hon­our. For added mea­sure, Mus­lims would be sport­ing amulets bear­ing his name or like­ness for pro­tec­tion and good luck charms.

The Prophet was no ordi­nary mor­tal, but a mor­tal nonethe­less. At the the­o­log­i­cal lev­el, this means Mus­lims do not believe in the rein­car­na­tion or the sec­ond com­ing. At the prac­ti­cal lev­el, that too has sig­nif­i­cance. While Mus­lims duly and prop­er­ly praise the prophet, we are care­ful not to deify the per­son or attribute per­fec­tion. Per­fec­tion is after all sole­ly the attribute of Allah.

At the per­son­al lev­el, the fact that the Prophet is a mor­tal means that his exem­plary qual­i­ties are with­in the capa­bil­i­ty of every one of us to fol­low. That is the beau­ty of our Prophet(P).

May the bless­ings of Allah be upon him, his fam­i­ly, and his Com­pan­ions as we hon­our him on this spe­cial day of the 12th of Rabi al Awwal.

Repro­duced with the per­mis­sion of the author. The author’s web­site may be accessed at www​.bakrimusa​.com


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19 responses to “Lead­er­ship Qual­i­ties of Prophet Muhammad”

  1. Mat Avatar
    Mat

    In accor­dance with the Qur’an or any of the authen­tic hadiths of the prophet Muham­mad (salal­la’hu’alai­hi’wasalam), there is none any sin­gle such thing as cel­e­brat­ing the Maulidur-rasul or Maulid Nabi. Absolute­ly none ?

    If there is any ; it’s just a new­ly-invent­ed mat­ter in the reli­gious matter/​affair which is called bid’ah (inno­va­tion). That’s for sure ! By the way sor­ry if my Eng­lish writ­ings does­n’t fit or suit any of you read­ers in here or out there.

  2. AbdAllah Avatar
    AbdAllah

    Assala­mu alaykum Wa Rah­math­ul­lah Wa Barakathuhu

    I think it will suf­fice for me to leave a fatawa by Mufti Muham­mad ibn Adam (My Allah have mer­cy on him) rather than me, with my igno­rance and very lit­tle (and almost non-exis­tent) knowl­dege of Islam, com­ment­ing on the issue of Mawlid.

    To read more of his Al-Ham­dulil­lah detailed and excel­lent fatawa, please vis­it http://​www​.darulif​taa​.com.

    Please read below :

    Ques­tion : Why do some Sun­ni Ula­ma- like the Dew­ban­dis- pro­hib­it the Mawlid ?

    Answer :

    In the name of Allah, Most Com­pas­sion­ate, Most Merciful,

    In an age and time when Mus­lims are being attacked by the ene­mies of Islam from every angle pos­si­ble, to debate and talk about some­thing which is a non-issue (yes, a non-issue), such as cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid” is doing injus­tice to ourselves.

    Thou­sands of Mus­lims are being mas­sa­cred and per­se­cut­ed day in day out, many are involved in all sorts of un-Islam­ic activ­i­ties, young­sters are on the brink of dis­be­lief (kufr), our young broth­ers and sis­ters are involved in drink­ing, drug abuse and for­ni­ca­tion, yet here we are debat­ing whether it is per­mis­si­ble to cel­e­brate the birth­day of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace).

    I per­son­al­ly was reluc­tant to write on this sub­ject, but my dear friend Sidi Faraz Rab­bani ordered me to com­pile a piece explain­ing the Deoban­di posi­tion with regards to the Mawlid. Thus, adher­ing to his com­mand, I will endeav­our to explain the rul­ing on cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid, as under­stood by the Deoban­di scholars.

    Before explain­ing the Deoban­di posi­tion on the Mawlid, I would like to empha­size that unfor­tu­nate­ly many of our dis­putes, dis­agree­ments and argu­ments are due to not under­stand­ing (or not want­i­ng to under­stand, should I say) the oppo­site par­ties stance on a par­tic­u­lar issue. I have expe­ri­enced this many times. This is a prob­lem on both, the Deoban­di and Barel­wi, sides.

    Rather than find excus­es for the state­ments of fel­low Mus­lims and inter­pret them so they are jus­ti­fied, we force peo­ple to believe some­thing which they them­selves no dot believe. In my per­son­al expe­ri­ence, this is the main rea­son why so many Mus­lims are divided.

    I hear some Deoban­dis claim that the Barel­wis believe this and that, yet when I speak to some of our Barel­wi broth­ers about the issue, they cat­e­gor­i­cal­ly state that this is not what we believe ; rather…….and then they explain their stance. The case is same with the Barel­wis, in that they them­selves decide for the Deoban­dis that agree or dis­agree ; this is what you believe, despite the Deoban­dis reject­ing it.

    This is quite unfor­tu­nate indeed. If we look at all the oth­er reli­gions, faiths, nations, groups, and organ­i­sa­tions, they try and increase the num­bers of their asso­ciates. The Chris­tians claim that most of the world’s pop­u­la­tion are fol­low­ers of their faith, and many oth­er reli­gions also try their best to include every indi­vid­ual in their reli­gion who has a minor attach­ment to them, in order to increase the size of their fol­low­ing. How­ev­er, Mus­lims are the only ones who try their best to decrease the Ummah of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) by forc­ing peo­ple to believe what they don’t, and reduce the Mus­lim Ummah as much as pos­si­ble. We don’t hes­i­tate for one moment in brand­ing one anoth­er as disbelievers.

    The great Hanafi Imam, Alla­ma Ibn Abidin (Allah have mer­cy on him) states in his renowned Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti :

    Brand­ing some­one a non-believ­er (kafir) is a great thing indeed ; hence I do not label a believ­er as a non-believ­er as long as one sign of him believ­ing is found….One should not issue a Fat­wa of a believer’s dis­be­lief (kufr) as long as it is pos­si­ble to inter­pret his state­ment in a jus­ti­fied man­ner, or there is a dif­fer­ence of opin­ion regard­ing him dis­be­liev­ing, even if there is a weak nar­ra­tion.” (Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti, 136)

    Thus, one should not haste in brand­ing and terming oth­er Mus­lims as dis­be­liev­ers or sin­ners and inno­va­tors, for brand­ing a Mus­lim a dis­be­liev­er is a grave thing indeed. The Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him and give him eter­nal peace) said : Any per­son who calls his broth­er : O Unbe­liev­er ! (then the truth of this label) would return to one of them. If it is true, (then it is) as he assert­ed, (but if it is not true), then it returns to him (and thus the per­son who made the accu­sa­tion is an Unbe­liev­er).” (Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 6130 and Sahih Mus­lim, no. 60, report­ed by Ibn Umar, Allah be pleased with him)

    Thus, it is very impor­tant that we have tol­er­ance, patience and for­bear­ance. We must be pre­cau­tious in what we say. We should try and look for excus­es for our fel­low Mus­lim broth­ers and sis­ters. If a state­ment or view­point of a fel­low Mus­lim seems incor­rect, then rather than con­demn­ing the per­son, go and inves­ti­gate as to whether it is true or oth­er­wise. Don’t force oth­ers to believe what they them­selves do not believe.

    Many of the issues on which the Deoban­dis and Barel­wis are divid­ed are for this very rea­son. In real­i­ty, there is no sig­nif­i­cant” dif­fer­ence, rather it is only a case of inter­pre­ta­tion or how it was said, yet there is so much fuss made about it.

    For exam­ple : The mat­ter of whether the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) had knowl­edge of the unseen is made such an issue, but if we were to pon­der deeply with cool head­ed­ness, it would become clear that there is no real difference.

    The Deoban­dis state that the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) had knowl­edge of many unseen things, but the knowl­edge was giv­en to him by Allah Most High. Thus, one can­not call the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) the know­er of the unseen” (a’lim al-Ghayb), for that is used when one has knowl­edge of the unseen with­out some­one else inform­ing him. When I asked some of my Barel­wi friends that do you believe that the mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) had knowl­edge of the unseen in a man­ner that Allah has ? They said : of course not” How can the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) be equal in knowl­edge to Allah. How­ev­er, he had the knowl­edge of the unseen, but it was giv­en to him by Allah Most High.

    Now, when we look at these two posi­tions, it becomes clear that both the Deoban­dis and Barel­wis agree that the Mes­sen­ger of Allah’s (Allah bless him & give him peace) Knowl­edge of the unseen was giv­en to him by Allah Most High. The only minute dif­fer­ence is whether one can call him A’lim al-Ghayb or oth­er­wise. The Deoban­dis state that because the knowl­edge was giv­en to him by Allah most High, it is not cor­rect to call him A’lim al-Ghayb, for that title is for some­one who knows of the unseen with­out being informed by anoth­er. The Barel­wis, on the oth­er hand, say there is noth­ing wrong in giv­ing this title to the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) even if the knowl­edge to him was giv­en by Allah Most High.

    Thus, the dif­fer­ence is very minute indeed, but rather than explain to peo­ple that it is a very minute dif­fer­ence, we make it a fun­da­men­tal part of one’s Aqi­dah. The Deoban­dis insist that the Barel­wis regard the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) to be equal to Allah, and that they regard his knowl­edge to be sim­i­lar to that of Allah, where­as the Barel­wis refuse to accept that the Deoban­dis also believe that the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) also had knowl­edge of the unseen, and that they dis­re­spect the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace)

    The sec­ond point to remem­ber is that we must abstain from using the var­i­ous names and titles like Deoban­dis, Barewlis, etc. I myself have used these terms here, because I had no choice. I am explain­ing the dif­fer­ences of the two schools, thus it was indis­pens­able for me to use them. But in our day-to-day con­ver­sa­tions, we should not call our­selves and oth­ers but with the title of Mus­lims and Sunnis.

    Allah Most High says :

    He has cho­sen you, and has imposed no dif­fi­cul­ties on you in reli­gion ; it is the cult of your father Ibrahim. It is he who has named you Mus­lims, both before and in this (Rev­e­la­tion); that the Mes­sen­ger may be a wit­ness for you and you be wit­ness­es for mankind.” (Surah al-Hajj, V. 78)

    Thus, we must avoid using names oth­er than that of being a Mus­lim. To use dif­fer­ent names and titles in order to incite oth­ers and cause fric­tion and dis­uni­ty among Mus­lims is a grave sin, and must be avoided.

    Once a stu­dent approached a Syr­i­an Arab Schol­ar and said : I need to ask you some ques­tions, but before I do that, I need to know whether you are a Barel­wi or Deoban­di” He said : I am a Mus­lim, fol­low­er of the Shafi’i School, I don’t know what this Barelwi/​Deobandi thing is” The stu­dent insist­ed that he must be one of them. He sug­gest­ed that the Shaykh look into the clas­si­cal Aqi­dah books and see the Aqi­dahs of these two groups. The Shaykh said : I have read almost all of the major works in Aqi­dah but have nev­er found these names. The stu­dent insist­ed that it must have been over­looked by the Shaykh !

    Once a broth­er said to me that Alla­ma Ibn Abidin was a Deoban­di and Imam Suyu­ti a Barel­wi ! I became infu­ri­at­ed and said : This is com­plete­ly incor­rect. How can you call some­one a Deoban­di when Deoband did not even exist ? The real­i­ty is that the Deoban­dis, Barel­wis and also oth­ers fol­low the likes of Alla­ma Ibn Abidin and Imam Suyuti.

    There­fore, these titles and names should be com­plete­ly avoid­ed. I sin­cere­ly advice our broth­ers and sis­ters to abstain them­selves and pre­vent oth­ers from using these names, for it caus­es noth­ing but friction.

    Third­ly, when we look at the issues of dif­fer­ence between the Barel­wis and Deoban­dis, it is quite evi­dent that some of them are minor and pet­ty issues. You won’t find any of the clas­si­cal books of Aqi­dah dis­cussing these issues.

    Thus, we need to over­look these pet­ty issues and con­cen­trate on the more impor­tant issues of Islam. Peo­ple are in need of real guid­ance, some­one to help them strength­en their faith, teach them about the basics of Islam, not some­one who debates whether one can say Ya Rasul Allah or otherwise.

    Unfor­tu­nate­ly, we have giv­en extra sig­nif­i­cance to these issues than they deserve. These were issues that were asso­ci­at­ed to a person’s indi­vid­ual con­nec­tion with Allah Most High and His beloved Mes­sen­ger (Allah bless him & give him peace), but we have made them into the basic tenets of Creed (aqi­dah) and issues that dis­tin­guish belief from dis­be­lief and piety from impi­ety (fisq).

    One a broth­er phoned me and said : I need to ask you a ques­tion con­cern­ing busi­ness and trade but first tell me are you from the Aqi­dah of Assalatu was­sala­mu alay­ka ya Rasul Allah ? I said that this is not a mat­ter of Aqi­dah. It is sim­i­lar to say­ing : Do you have the Aqi­dah of Sub­han Allah or Assala­mu Alay­ka ayyuhan Nabi”! I explained to him that these are minute and pet­ty issues and debat­ing about them should be avoided.

    Keep­ing the above three points in mind, we come to the issue of cel­e­brat­ing the birth­day of our beloved Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace).

    The Deoban­di stance on the Mawlid is that, not only is it per­mis­si­ble to cel­e­brate it, rather it is an great act of virtue, as long as the cel­e­bra­tions are free from the unlaw­ful or rep­re­hen­si­ble activ­i­ties, such as free inter­min­gling of the sex­es, exces­sive waste­ful spend­ing, fix­ing of a par­tic­u­lar date, etc, and it is not held to be some­thing nec­es­sary to do such that those who choose not to par­tic­i­pate are con­sid­ered to be in the wrong.

    This is the Deoban­di view­point and it would not be appro­pri­ate to force it down them that they total­ly reject the cel­e­bra­tion of the Mawlid. As men­tioned ear­li­er that it is wrong to force upon oth­ers their beliefs and opin­ions, rather we should take what they say at face value.

    The fun­da­men­tal book that explains the view­points of the Deoban­di schol­ars is al-Muhan­nad ala al-Mufan­nad com­piled by Shaykh Mawlana Khalil Ahmad al-Saha­ran­fu­ri and endorsed by many schol­ars, such as : Imam Ashraf Ali al-Tahanawi, Shaykh al-Hind Mawlana Mah­mud al-Hasan Deoban­di and many oth­ers (Allah have mer­cy on them all). The above­men­tioned view­point can be seen quite clear­ly in this book.

    Shaykh Khalil Ahmad (a stu­dent of Shaykh Rashid Ahmad Gan­go­hi) states :

    Far be it from any Mus­lim that he says (let alone us): men­tion­ing the birth of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace), or even men­tion­ing the soil under his footwear and the urine of his don­key, is an act of rep­re­hen­si­ble and unlaw­ful innovation.

    Thus, aspects that have even a minute con­nec­tion with the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace), men­tion­ing them is from the much-loved of prac­tices and from the great­est of rec­om­men­da­tions, be it the men­tion of his blessed birth, or the men­tion of him reliv­ing him­self, stand­ing, sit­ting, sleep­ing and being awake. This has been explained in detail in my book al-Barahin al-Qati’a in many places.” (al-Muhan­nad, P. 78)

    The above text quite cat­e­gor­i­cal­ly states the per­mis­si­bil­i­ty of cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid. How­ev­er, what the Deoban­di Ula­ma reject is the unlaw­ful and evil prac­tices that have found its way in some Mawlid cel­e­bra­tions, espe­cial­ly in the Sub­con­ti­nent. Thus, Shaykh Khalil Ahmad (Allah have mer­cy on him) fur­ther states :

    It is clear from the above that we do not reject the men­tion­ing of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah’s (Allah bless him him & give him peace) birth ; rather, we reject and refute those evils that are attached to such gath­er­ings as you may have seen them in the Indi­an sub­con­ti­nent, such as men­tion­ing fab­ri­cat­ed and false nar­ra­tions, inter­min­gling of the sex­es, exces­sive waste­ful spend­ing in lights and dec­o­ra­tion, hold­ing it to be some­thing nec­es­sary to do such that those who choose not to par­tic­i­pate are slan­dered and called non-believ­ers, and oth­er evils from which very few gath­er­ings (in the sub­con­ti­nent) are free.
    How­ev­er, if the gath­er­ing is free from such evils, far be it from us that we say : Cel­e­brat­ing the birth of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) is evil and an inno­va­tion…” (ibid, p. 80)

    Let us now look at the Fat­wa of Shaykh Mufti Taqi Usmani (may Allah pre­serve him), with which some peo­ple have a prob­lem. The respect­ed Shaykh states :

    As I explained in my arti­cle on cel­e­bra­tion of Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi (Mawlid), hold­ing a meet­ing to dis­cuss dif­fer­ent aspects of the life of the Holy Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) is a very mer­i­to­ri­ous act for which the Mus­lims should strive to the best of their abil­i­ty. But con­fin­ing this dis­cus­sion to the events of the birth of the Holy Prophet and restrict­ing it to a par­tic­u­lar date and hold­ing atten­dance at such meet­ings as nec­es­sary or oblig­a­tory for every Mus­lim ren­ders this prac­tice as bid’ah or innovation.

    Most­ly the meet­ings of Mawlid today are of this type. There­fore, con­tem­po­rary Ule­ma of Deoband have declared it a bid’ah.

    If the life of the Holy Prophet is made sub­ject of a meet­ing, and the meet­ing is free of the above men­tioned defects, nobody can call it a bid’ah. It is in this con­text that some schol­ars of the past have allowed the prac­tice.” (Tak­en from the http://​www​.albal​agh​.net website)

    The upshot of the above Fat­wa is that there are three things which are dis­ap­proved of :
    1) Men­tion­ing only the events of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah’s (Allah bless him & give him peace) birth in the gatherings,

    2) Restrict­ing the gath­er­ing to a par­tic­u­lar date,

    3) Think­ing it to be oblig­a­tory and bind­ing upon everybody,

    Thus, if the above three main evils are avoid­ed, not only will cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid be per­mis­si­ble ; rather, it will be a great act of virtue.

    I myself once asked Shaykh Taqi Usmani (Allah pre­serve him) that if the evils were avoid­ed in such gath­er­ings, would they be per­mit­ted ? He replied in the affir­ma­tive and said the most impor­tant of these evils that must be avoid­ed is that of restrict­ing the cel­e­bra­tion to a par­tic­u­lar date.

    This is quite sig­nif­i­cant, because dur­ing my stay in Syr­ia, I observed Mawlid gath­er­ings being cel­e­brat­ed on many dif­fer­ent dates of Rabi’ al-Aww­al. So much so that many gath­er­ings would even take place out­side of this month. The cel­e­bra­tions and gath­er­ings would be spread out right through the year, although they would become more wide­spread in the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal.

    Thus, in light of Shaykh Taqi Usmani’s words, these Mawlid gath­er­ings are not only per­mit­ted, rather high­ly rec­om­mend­ed prac­tices. It would be wrong (and an inno­va­tion) to specif­i­cal­ly restrict the Mawlid gath­er­ing to the 12th of Rabi’ al-Aww­al in a way that it would not take place on any oth­er date.

    Below is anoth­er Fat­wa autho­rized by Mufti Taqi Usmani (may Allah pre­serve him):

    The gath­er­ings arranged to remem­ber the birth of the Prophet Muham­mad, Sal­lal­lahu alay­hi wasal­lam, the mer­cy to the mankind, are called Milad gath­er­ings. Remem­ber­ing the life of the Prophet Sal­lal­lahu alay­hi wasal­lam, and teach­ing oth­ers about it, is an act of great bless­ing and virtue. How­ev­er all good deeds have to be per­formed accord­ing to the rules and guide­lines estab­lished by the Shari­ah. To exceed them is a grave sin. For exam­ple recit­ing the Qur’an is a great act of virtue, but it is pro­hib­it­ed to do so while one is in ruku or sujud in prayers. Like­wise, Salat is one of the most impor­tant acts of wor­ship. Yet, it is haram to per­form it at sun­rise or sunset.

    Sim­i­lar­ly, there are rules gov­ern­ing the blessed remem­brance of the Sir­ah. For exam­ple, this remem­brance must not be asso­ci­at­ed with a par­tic­u­lar day or month ; it should be con­sid­ered equal­ly vir­tu­ous dur­ing every month of the year, every week of the month, and every day of the week. Also it can take any per­mis­si­ble form. For exam­ple you can arrange a read­ing of an authen­tic book on Sir­ah or have a lec­ture deliv­ered by a schol­ar. Doing that is not only per­mis­si­ble but it will bring great reward. But it is impor­tant to stay away from the evils found in the preva­lent Milad gath­er­ings. Here are some of those evils :

    1) A par­tic­u­lar date (12 Rabi al-Aww­al) has been des­ig­nat­ed for this remembrance.

    2) The ele­ment of show-off (riya) is com­mon­ly present in these gatherings.

    3) If some­one does not attend these gath­er­ings, he is looked down upon.

    4) Dis­tri­b­u­tion of sweets is con­sid­ered an indis­pens­able part of the proceedings.

    5) To meet the expens­es, dona­tions are col­lect­ed from some­times unwill­ing peo­ple who give mon­ey under social pres­sure. Accord­ing to the hadith it is not per­mis­si­ble to take any Muslim’s mon­ey with­out his willingness.

    6) Inter­mix­ing of men and women com­mon­ly takes place in these gath­er­ings. Peo­ple stay late at night in these meet­ings there­by miss­ing the next morning’s prayers.

    7) The focus of the talks deliv­ered there is very lim­it­ed. The Prophet, Sal­lal­lahu alay­hi wasal­lam, has giv­en guid­ance for every aspect of our life. These cov­er acts of wor­ship, deal­ing with oth­er peo­ple, morals and man­ners, social rela­tion­ships, busi­ness deal­ings, etc. How­ev­er, it has been observed that the preva­lent Milad talks con­cen­trate main­ly or sole­ly on the account of the birth of the Prophet, Sal­lal­lahu alay­hi wasal­lam, and his mir­a­cles. They do not attempt to cov­er the vast teach­ings of the Prophet, Sal­lal­lahu alay­hi wasallam.

    For these rea­sons, one should refrain from the preva­lent Milad gath­er­ings. How­ev­er, if care is tak­en to avoid all of these evils and to fol­low the Shari­ah care­ful­ly, then a meet­ing orga­nized to remem­ber the Prophet, Sal­lal­lahu alay­hi wasal­lam , with the sole pur­pose of seek­ing Allah’s plea­sure, will Insha-Allah be a blessed event. And Allah knows best. (End of Fatwa)

    Writ­ten : Muham­mad Abdul Muntaqim Syl­heti (Darul-Ifta, Darul-uloom Karachi) Con­cur­rence from :

    Jus­tice Mufti Muham­mad Taqi Usmani

    Mufti Muham­mad Rafi Usmani

    Mufti Abdul Rauf Sakkharvi

    And many oth­ers. (See : http://​www​.albal​agh​.net)

    The above Fat­wa of Dar al-Uloom Karachi and approved by Shaykh Mufti Taqi Usmani (Allah have mer­cy on him) also gives the same mes­sage, in that the Mawlid, if free of imper­mis­si­ble mat­ters, can­not be con­sid­ered blame­wor­thy or an innovation.

    In my per­son­al view, it is only a dif­fer­ence of inter­pre­ta­tion and the way one puts forth his view­point. It is a case of what we dis­cussed ear­li­er that one says some­thing and much more is added to it.

    If we were to look at the same above Fat­wa endorsed by Mufti Taqi Usmani and turn it around, the mes­sage would seem quite the oppo­site. There are two ways of putting your argu­ment forward.

    For exam­ple : One can say that cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid is a great act of virtue, a high­ly praise­wor­thy prac­tice, etc….Then con­clude the Fat­wa or arti­cle by say­ing : How­ev­er, if there are evils attached to the gath­er­ing, it would not be per­mit­ted. On the oth­er hand, one may say : cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid is wrong, an inno­va­tion, has too many evils, etc….Then con­clude the answer by say­ing : How­ev­er, if these evils were avoid­ed it would be permissible.

    Now, even though these two argu­ments give the same mes­sage, the assump­tion made is quite the oppo­site. It’s just a case of how you say it”.

    It is relat­ed that the great Deoban­di schol­ar of Hadith, Fiqh and Tasawwuf, Shaykh Mawlana Rashid Ahmad Gan­go­hi (Allah have mer­cy on him) once on his jour­ney to Makkah al-Mukar­ramah for Umra vis­it­ed his Shaykh and spir­i­tu­al mas­ter, Haji Imdad Allah Muha­jir al-Mak­ki (Allah have mer­cy on him). Inci­den­tal­ly, on one of the days a Mawlid gath­er­ing was orga­nized. His Shaykh Haji Imdad Allah (Allah have mer­cy on him) said to Shaykh Gan­go­hi that there is a Mawlid gath­er­ing orga­nized, would you like to attend with me ? He reused and said : How can I attend a gath­er­ing of Mawlid when I pre­vent oth­ers from attend­ing it in India due the evils that have been attached to them. If they (peo­ple in India) came to know of me attend­ing a Mawlid what would they say ? Upon hear­ing this, his Shaykh Haji Imdad Allah said : May Allah reward you. I would have not been hap­pi­er if you attend­ed the Mawlid than I am in you refus­ing to come with us, because you are stead­fast on what you believe to be the truth.

    There­after, Haji Imdad Allah al-Mak­ki attend­ed the Mawlid and one of the ser­vants and stu­dents of Shaykh Mawlana Rashid Ahmad Gan­go­hi also, with­out inform­ing his Shaykh, went to the Mawlid. This stu­dent of Shaykh Rashid Ahmad said after attend­ing the Mawlid : If my Shaykh, Mawlana Rashid Ahmad Gan­go­hi would have attend­ed the Mawlid gath­er­ing, he would have not con­demned it, for it was free from evil and imper­mis­si­ble mat­ters. (See : Mal­fuzat of Mufti Mah­mud al-Hasan Gan­go­hi, 199)

    The Deoban­dis also have gath­er­ings in which they men­tion the Sir­ah, char­ac­ter­is­tics and ways of the mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace). Songs and Anashid in praise of the best of cre­ation are sung. These gath­er­ings are orga­nized through­out the year and become more com­mon in the month of Rabi’ al-Aww­al. How­ev­er, they do not attach it to a par­tic­u­lar date, and also, rather than call­ing them Mawlid gath­er­ings” they call them Sir­ah gath­er­ings, denot­ing that not only the birth of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) will be dis­cussed rather his life in general.

    There­fore, we can con­clude the Deoban­di view­point on cel­e­brat­ing Mawlid say­ing that it is a high­ly praise­wor­thy act for which one will be reward­ed. How­ev­er, it will be wrong and an inno­va­tion to attach the imper­mis­si­ble mat­ters to it, and this is how they under­stand the state­ment of schol­ars such as Hafidh Ibn Hajar, Imam Suyu­ti and oth­ers when they per­mit­ted the cel­e­bra­tion of the Mawlid.

    By look­ing into the books of the Deoban­di Ula­ma, we can sum up these evils and imper­mis­si­ble prac­tices in the following :

    1) A par­tic­u­lar date (i.e. 12th of Rabi’ al-Aww­al) is fixed,

    2) Only the birth events of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) are discussed,

    3) It is called a day of Eid, whilst Islam has only pre­scribed two Eids,

    4) Cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid is con­sid­ered to be necessary,

    5) Unlaw­ful prac­tices (such as inter­min­gling of the sex­es) take place,

    If we were to look at the state­ments of those who sup­port the cel­e­bra­tion of Mawlid, it becomes clear that they also strong­ly con­demn the var­i­ous evils men­tioned by the Deoban­di scholars.

    The great Sufi and Mali­ki schol­ar resid­ing in Makkah al-Mukar­ramah, Sayyid Muham­mad ibn Alawi al-Mali­ki (may Allah pre­serve him) states in his short trea­tise regard­ing cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid, Hawl al-ihti­fal bi zikra mawlid al-nabawi al-sharif :

    How many times have we stressed that the Mes­sen­ger of Allah’s day of birth is not con­sid­ered a Eid, nei­ther do we regard it as a day of Eid, for it is a day greater and more vir­tu­ous than the day of Eid. Eid only comes once a year, whilst cel­e­brat­ing the birth of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) and men­tion­ing his Sir­ah should be a con­stant thing, with­out restrict­ing it to a par­tic­u­lar time or place.” (P.8 – 9)

    He fur­ther sates :

    We cel­e­brate the birth of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) con­stant­ly and all the time, at every occa­sion and at every event of hap­pi­ness and joy. This is increased in the month of his birth Rabi’ al-Aww­al” and the day of his birth Mon­day”. (p. 11)

    He also states :

    One of the inno­va­tions (bid’a) of the Mawlid is that, it is prac­ticed by some of those who cel­e­brate it by car­ry­ing out unlaw­ful activ­i­ties, being neg­li­gent with prayers, involve­ment if Riba and not imple­ment­ing the out­ward and inward Sun­nahs of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace).” (p. 49)

    And :

    One of the inno­va­tions that is prac­tised in some coun­tries is restrict­ing the men­tion of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah’s (Allah bless him & give him peace) sir­ah, char­ac­ter­is­tics, and praise, feed­ing oth­ers and car­ry­ing out oth­er com­mend­able actions to only the month of Rabi’ al-Aww­al because of the birth of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace). How­ev­er, it is nec­es­sary that these acts are not restrict­ed to the month of Rabi’ only ; rather, it is nec­es­sary (wajib) upon a Mus­lim that he car­ries out these good deeds con­stant­ly in every day of the month, for the men­tion of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) is not attached to a par­tic­u­lar time….” (p. 50)

    And :

    If we met and men­tioned the prais­es of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace), his strug­gles, his char­ac­ter­is­tics and did not even men­tion the sto­ry of his birth, to which peo­ple have become accus­tomed- to such an extent that they con­sid­er a Mawlid gath­er­ing incom­plete with­out it….,we would have cel­e­brat­ed the Mawlid.” (p. 40)

    We can see from the above quotes of Sayyid Muham­mad ibn Alawi al-Mali­ki (may Allah pre­serve him) tak­en from his book which he com­piled in sup­port of the Mawlid (and should be read by those who reject the Mawlid total­ly), it becomes clear that there is agree­ment between what the schol­ars of Deoband say and those who cel­e­brate Mal­wid. As such, there is no dis­agree­ment in reality.

    In con­clu­sion, we need to devel­op patience and sin­cer­i­ty in our efforts to bring about more tol­er­ance in this world. Try to make dif­fer­ences seem non-exis­tent. There is no real dif­fer­ence between the Deoban­di schol­ars and the Barel­wis, in that they both agree with the Mawlid and dis­agree with the evils and unlaw­ful prac­tices that are prac­ticed by some.

    Indeed, there are some igno­rant Mus­lims who do prac­tice the evils men­tioned by the Deoban­di schol­ars, but rather than refute their cel­e­bra­tion of the Mawlid, Deoban­dis should strive and cor­rect these prac­tices. If they begin to refute the Mawlid alto­geth­er, then those who prac­tice it will say that these are Wah­habis, etc, and won’t even reflect upon their unlaw­ful actions. Con­verse­ly, if they sup­port the Mawlid, there is a great chance of them cor­rect­ing the evils. Thus, they should be giv­en an alter­na­tive of pure and uncon­t­a­m­i­nat­ed gath­er­ing of Mawlid in which the Sir­ah of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) is men­tioned. A Gath­er­ing in which peo­ple are encour­aged to imple­ment the Sun­nahs and char­ac­ter­is­tics of the beloved of Allah, whether you call it a Mawlid gath­er­ing or a Sir­ah gath­er­ing, for names are irrel­e­vant. This is my sin­cere advice to the Deobandis.

    As far as our Barel­wi broth­ers are con­cerned, rather than argu­ing the ratio­nal­i­ty of Mawlid gath­er­ings and try­ing to prove it, they should try and stamp out the evils prac­ticed by some indi­vid­u­als. Explain to the mass­es that cel­e­brat­ing the Mawlid is not suf­fi­cient. One has to be a com­plete believ­er. One needs to imple­ment the ways of the Mes­sen­ger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) in all aspects of one’s life. Use these Mawlid gath­er­ings to spread the message.

    If we do this, then, not only will we have a more har­mo­nious rela­tion­ship, but we will see Mus­lims becom­ing stronger in their faith and bet­ter Mus­lims as a whole. May Allah guide us all to the straight path. I seek for­give­ness if I may have offend­ed any­body. May Allah unite us and gath­er us all in Par­adise, Ameen.

    And Allah knows best

    Muham­mad ibn Adam
    Darul Iftaa
    Leices­ter , UK

  3. aian jaafar Avatar
    aian jaafar

    as salaa­mu alaykum,

    thanks for the response, broth­er khalid, broth­er imran. broth­er khalid, you your­self have admit­ted that some of the branch­es of islam­ic knowl­edge did not exist dur­ing the Prophet’s time. could it be that the Prophet did not see any val­ue in cre­at­ing these branch­es of knowl­edge ? hence, accord­ing to what i under­stand as your line of rea­son­ing, these branch­es should be bidaa as well.

    the point here is that the Prophet and the Com­pan­ions did not do absolute­ly EVERYTHING that is good, and it does not pre­vent mus­lims from doing which are good, when tak­en into con­sid­er­a­tion with­in the bal­ance of the shari­ah, which were not done in the Prophet’s time. (bidaa hasanah, accord­ing to tra­di­tion­al mus­lim schol­ars, such as imam suyu­ti). and mawlid cel­e­bra­tions fall in this kind of bidaa. what i was men­tion­ing as libels of bidaa’ is that some of the broth­ers, like you, frown upon these cel­e­bra­tions, thus by impli­ca­tion, mawlid cel­e­bra­tions are a bad kind of bidaa.

    would we stop our mus­lim broth­ers from being hap­py by remem­ber­ing the Prophet, because it hap­pened to be his birth, which is the great­est event in his­to­ry ? so you’re say­ing that we should be hap­py and in remem­brance of him all our life, all year long, but then we should sud­den­ly turn against each oth­er dur­ing rabi­ul aww­al 12 ? what is bad with seer­ah meet­ings, send­ing salaams upon the prophet, dur­ing rabi­ul aww­al 12 ?

    — – With regard to the claim that this prac­tice is based on the Prophet?s fast­ing on mon­days — who under­stood the Prophet?s prac­tices bet­ter : you or the noble Saha­ba ? If they, and the lead­ing Mus­lim schol­ars, nev­er cel­e­brat­ed the Prophet?s birth­day, then how can you claim that this is what the hadith means ? — —

    Abu Qata­da al-Ansari nar­rates in Sahih Mus­lim, Kitab al-siyam, that the Prophet was asked about the fast of Mon­day, and he answered : That is the day that I was born and that is the day I received the prophecy.”

    — – So like I said, if there was any val­ue in the annu­al cel­e­bra­tion of the Prophet?s birth­day the com­pan­ions would have done it. They did not. — —

    appar­ent­ly, the Prophet him­self did not val­ue an annu­al celebration/​commemmoration, since he and the saha­ba val­ued a week­ly com­mem­mora­tion instead, in light of Hazrat Abu Qata­da al-Ansar­i’s nar­ra­tion in Sahih Mus­lim above.

    broth­er, of course, the Prophet under­stands bet­ter, as it was he who men­tioned the sig­nif­i­cance of the fast on Mon­days. can you pro­vide any oth­er expla­na­tion for this ?

    as for the lead­ing Mus­lim schol­ars, the link i pro­vid­ed men­tions some of these schol­ars. and among these schol­ars is ibn taymiyyah. does he also have the audac­i­ty to per­mit this bidaa ?
    here is a por­tion of an arti­cle found on http://www.geocities.com/~abdulwahid/muslimarticles/mawlid.html :

    Ten (10) PROOFS from the Qur’an and Sun­nah that Cel­e­brat­ing the Nabi’s birth­day is accept­ed in Shari’ah.

    FIRST : Allah asks the Prophet, peace be upon him, to remind his Nation that it is essen­tial for those who claim to love Allah, to love His Prophet : Say to them : If you love Allah, fol­low (and love and hon­or) me, and Allah will love you” (3:31).
    The Cel­e­bra­tion of the Holy Prophet’s birth is moti­vat­ed by this oblig­a­tion to love the Prophet, peace be upon him, to obey him, to remem­ber him, to fol­low his exam­ple, and to be proud of him as Allah is proud of him, since Allah has boast­ed about him in His Holy Book by say­ing, Tru­ly you are of a mag­ni­fi­cient char­ac­ter” (68:4).
    Love of the Prophet is what dif­fer­en­ti­ates the believ­ers in the per­fec­tion of their iman. In an authen­tic hadith relat­ed in al-Bukhari and Mus­lim, the Prophet said : None of you believes until he loves me more than he loves his chil­dren, his par­ents, and all peo­ple.” In anoth­er hadith in al-Bukhari he said : None of you believes until he loves me more than he loves him­self” and Sayyid­i­na Umar said : O Prophet, I love you more than myself.”
    Per­fec­tion of faith is depen­dent on love of the Prophet because Allah and His angels are con­stant­ly rais­ing his hon­or, as is meant by the verse already quot­ed, Allah and His angels are pray­ing on the Prophet” (33:56). The divine order that imme­di­ate­ly fol­lows in the verse, O believ­ers, pray on him,” makes it clear that the qual­i­ty of being a believ­er is depen­dent on and man­i­fest­ed by pray­ing on the Prophet. O Allah ! Send peace and bless­ings on the Prophet, his fam­i­ly, and his companions.

    The Prophet Empha­sized Mon­day As the Day He Was Born.

    SECOND : Abu Qata­da al-Ansari nar­rates in Sahih Mus­lim, Kitab al-siyam, that the Prophet was asked about the fast of Mon­day, and he answered : That is the day that I was born and that is the day I received the prophecy.”
    We quote again from Shaykh Mutawal­li Sha‘rawi :
    Many extra­or­di­nary events occurred on his birth­day as evi­denced in hadith and his­to­ry, and the night of his birth is not like the night of any oth­er human being’s birth.”
    These events and the hadiths per­tain­ing there­to, such as the shak­ing of Chos­roes’ court, the extinc­tion of the 1,000-year old fire in Per­sia, etc. are relat­ed in Ibn Kathir’s work al-Bidaya, Vol. 2, pages 265 – 268.
    We quote from the book Kitab al-Mad­khal by Ibn al-Hajj (1:261):
    It is an oblig­a­tion that on every Mon­day of Rabi‘ ul- Aww­al we increase our wor­ship to thank Allah for what He gave us as a great favor — the favor of send­ing us His beloved Prophet to direct us to Islam and to peace… The Prophet, when answer­ing some­one ques­tion­ing him about fast­ing on Mon­days, men­tioned : On that day I was born. There­fore that day gives hon­or to that month, because that is the day of the Prophet… and he said : I am the mas­ter of the chil­dren of Adam and I say that with­out pride… and he said : Adam and who­ev­er is descend­ed from him are under my flag on the day of Judg­ment. These hadiths were trans­mit­ted by the Shaikhayn [Bukhari and Mus­lim]. And Mus­lim quotes in his Sahih, the Prophet said, On that day, Mon­day, I was born and on that day the first mes­sage was sent to me.”
    The Prophet empha­sized the day of his birth and thanked Allah for the big favor of bring­ing him to life by fast­ing on that day as is men­tioned in the hadith of Abu Qata­da. This means that the Prophet was express­ing his hap­pi­ness for that day by fast­ing, which is a kind of wor­ship. Since the Prophet empha­sized that day by fast­ing, wor­ship in any form to empha­size that day is also accept­able. Even if we change the form, the essence is kept. There­fore, fast­ing, giv­ing food to the poor, com­ing togeth­er to praise the Prophet, or com­ing togeth­er to remem­ber his good man­ners and good behav­ior, all of this is con­sid­ered a way of empha­siz­ing that day. (See also the hadith Dying on Mon­day” below.)

    Allah Said : Rejoice in the Prophet

    THIRD : To express hap­pi­ness for the Prophet com­ing to us is an oblig­a­tion giv­en by Allah through Qur’an, as Allah said in Qur’an : Of the favor and mer­cy of Allah let them rejoice” (10:58).
    This order came because joy makes the heart grate­ful for the mer­cy of Allah. And What greater mer­cy did Allah give than the Prophet him­self, of whom Allah says, We did not send you except as a mer­cy to human beings” (21:107).
    Because the Prophet was sent as a mer­cy to all mankind, it is incum­bent not only upon Mus­lims, but upon all human beings to rejoice in his per­son. Unfor­tu­nate­ly, today it is some Mus­lims who are fore­most in reject­ing Allah’s order to rejoice in His Prophet.

    The Prophet Cel­e­brat­ed Great His­tor­i­cal Events

    FOURTH : The Prophet always made the con­nec­tion between reli­gious events and his­tor­i­cal events, so that when the time returned for a sig­nif­i­cant event, he remind­ed his Saha­ba to cel­e­brate that day and to empha­size it, even if it had hap­pened in the dis­tant past. This prin­ci­ple can be found in the fol­low­ing hadith of Bukhari and oth­ers : When the Prophet reached Mad­i­na, he saw the Jews fast­ing on the day of Ashu­ra’. He asked about that day and they told him that on that day, Allah saved their Prophet, Sayyid­i­na Musa and drowned their ene­my. There­fore they are fast­ing on that day to thank Allah for that favor.” At that time the Prophet respond­ed with the famous hadith, We have more right to Musa than you,” and he used to fast that day and the day pre­ced­ing it.

    Allah Said : Invoke Bless­ings on the Prophet

    FIFTH : Remem­brance of the birth of the Prophet encour­ages us to pray on the Prophet and to praise him, which is an oblig­a­tion on us through Allah’s order in the verse,
    Allah and His angels are pray­ing on (and prais­ing) the Prophet ; O believ­ers ! pray on (and praise) him and send him utmost greet­ings” (33:56). Com­ing togeth­er and remem­ber­ing the Prophet caus­es us to pray on him and to praise him. Who has the right to deny the oblig­a­tion which Allah has ordered us to ful­fill through the Holy Qur’an ? The ben­e­fit brought by obey­ing an order of Allah, and the light that it brings to our heart, can­not be mea­sured. That oblig­a­tion, fur­ther­more, is men­tioned in the plur­al : Allah and His angels are pray­ing on and prais­ing the Prophet — in a gath­er­ing. It is entire­ly incor­rect, there­fore, to say that pray­ing on and prais­ing the Prophet must be done alone.
    The Effect of Observ­ing Mawlid on Unbelievers

    SIXTH : Express­ing hap­pi­ness and cel­e­brat­ing the Prophet on his birth­day caus­es even unbe­liev­ers, by Allah’s favor and mer­cy, to gain some ben­e­fit. This is men­tioned in Sahih Bukhari. Bukhari said in his hadith that every Mon­day, Abu Lahab in his grave is released from pun­ish­ment because he freed his hand­maid Thuway­ba when she brought him the news of the Prophet’s birth.
    This hadith is men­tioned in Bukhari in the book of Nikah, and Ibn Kathir men­tions it in his books Sir­at al-Nabi Vol.1, p. 124, Mawlid al-Nabi p. 21, and al-Bidaya p. 272 – 273. The hafiz Sham­sud­din Muham­mad ibn Nasirud­din ad-Dimashqi wrote on this the fol­low­ing vers­es in his book Mawrid as-sadi fi Mawlid al-Hadi : If this, a kafir who was con­demned to hell eter­nal­ly with Per­ish his hands” [sura 111], is said to enjoy a respite every Mon­day because he rejoiced in Ahmad : what then do you think of the ser­vant who, all his life, was hap­py with Ahmad, and died say­ing, One”?”

    The Oblig­a­tion to Know Sira and Imi­tate Its Cen­tral Character

    SEVENTH : We are asked to know about our Prophet, about his life, about his mir­a­cles, about his birth, about his man­ners, about his faith, about his signs (ayat wa dala’il), about his seclu­sions, about his wor­ship, and is not this knowl­edge an oblig­a­tion for every Mus­lim ? What is bet­ter than cel­e­brat­ing and remem­ber­ing his birth, which rep­re­sents the essence of his life, in order to acquire knowl­edge of his life ? To remem­ber his birth begins to remind us of every­thing else about him. This will make Allah hap­py with us because then we will be able to know the Prophet’s Sira bet­ter, and we will be read­ier to take the Prophet as an exam­ple for our­selves, to cor­rect our­selves, and to imi­tate him. That is why the cel­e­bra­tion of his birth­day is a great favor sent to us.

    The Prophet Accept­ed Poet­ry in His Honor

    EIGHTH : In the time of the Prophet, it is well-known that poets came to him with all kinds of works prais­ing him, writ­ing about his cam­paigns and bat­tles and about the Saha­ba. This is proved by the numer­ous poems quot­ed in the Sir­as of Ibn Hisham, al-Waqi­di, and oth­ers. The Prophet was hap­py with good poet­ry since it is report­ed in Bukhar­i’s al-Adab al-mufrad and else­where that he said : There is wis­dom in poet­ry.” Thus the Prophet’s uncle al-‘Abbas com­posed poet­ry prais­ing the birth of the Prophet, in which are found the fol­low­ing lines :
    When you were born, the earth was shin­ing, and the fir­ma­ment bare­ly con­tained your light, and we can pierce through, thanks to that radi­ance and light and path of guidance.
    This text is found in Suyu­ti’s Husn al-maqsid p. 5 and in Ibn Kathir’s Mawlid p. 30 as well as Ibn Hajar’s Fath al-Bari.
    Ibn Kathir men­tions the fact that accord­ing to the Saha­ba, the Prophet praised his own name and recit­ed poet­ry about him­self in the mid­dle of the bat­tle of Hunayn in order to encour­age the com­pan­ions and scare the ene­mies. That day he said : I am the Prophet ! This is no lie. I am the son of Abd al-Muttalib!”
    The Prophet was there­fore hap­py with those who praised him because it is Allah’s order, and he gave them from what Allah was pro­vid­ing him. If we get togeth­er and do some­thing in order to approach the Prophet, we are doing some­thing to approach Allah, and approach­ing the Prophet will make Allah hap­py with us.
    Singing and Recita­tion of Poetry :
    It is estab­lished that the Prophet instruct­ed A’isha to let two ladies sing on the day of Eid. He said to Abu Bakr : Let them sing, because for every nation there is a hol­i­day, and this is our hol­i­day” [Agreed upon]. Ibn Qayy­im in Madar­ij al-salikin com­ments that the Prophet also gave per­mis­sion to sing in wed­ding cel­e­bra­tions, and allowed poet­ry to be recit­ed to him. He heard Anas and the Com­pan­ions prais­ing him and recit­ing poems while dig­ging before the famous bat­tle of the Trench (Khan­daq), as they said : We are the ones who gave bay‘a to Muham­mad for jihad as long as we are living.”
    Ibn Qayy­im also men­tions Abdul­lah ibn Rawa­ha’s long poem prais­ing the Prophet as the lat­ter entered Mec­ca, after which, the Prophet prayed for him. He prayed that Allah sup­port Has­san ibn Thabit, with the holy spir­it as long as he would sup­port the Prophet with his poet­ry. Sim­i­lar­ly the Prophet reward­ed Ka‘b ibn Zuhayr’s poem of praise with a robe. The Prophet asked Aswad bin Sar­ih to make poems prais­ing Allah, and he asked some­one else to recite the poem of praise of 100 vers­es which Umayya ibn Abi al- Salt had com­posed. Ibn Qayy­im con­tin­ues, “ A’isha always recit­ed poems prais­ing him and he was hap­py with her.”
    This Umayya ibn Abi al-Salt is a poet of Jahiliyya who died in Dam­as­cus before Islam. He was a pious man who had relin­quished the use of wine and the wor­ship of idols, as relat­ed by Dha­habi in Siyar a‘lam al-nubala’ (2:23).
    Part of the funer­al eulo­gy Has­san ibn Thabit recit­ed for the Prophet states :
    I say, and none can find fault with me But one lost to all sense : I shall nev­er cease to praise him. It may be for so doing I shall be for ever in Par­adise With the Cho­sen One for whose sup­port in that I hope. And to attain to that day I devote all my efforts.(1)
    Singing and Recita­tion of Qur’an :
    As Ibn al-Qayy­im says in his book, Allah gave per­mis­sion to his Prophet to recite the Qur’an in a melo­di­ous way. Abu Musa al- Ash‘ari one time was recit­ing the Qur’an in a melo­di­ous voice and the Prophet was lis­ten­ing to him. After he fin­ished, the Prophet con­grat­u­lat­ed him on recit­ing in a melo­di­ous way and said, You have a good voice.” And he said about Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari that Allah gave him a miz­mar” (flute or horn) from Dawud’s miz­mars. Then Abu Musa said, O Mes­sen­ger of Allah, if I had known that you were lis­ten­ing to me, I would have recit­ed it in a much more melo­di­ous and beau­ti­ful voice such as you have nev­er heard before.”
    Ibn Qayy­im con­tin­ues, The Prophet said, Dec­o­rate the Qur’an with your voic­es,” and Who does not sing the Qur’an is not from us.” Ibn Qayy­im com­ments : To take plea­sure in a good voice is accept­able, as is tak­ing plea­sure in a nice scenery, such as moun­tains or nature, or from a nice smell, or from good food, as long as it is con­form­ing to Shari‘a. If lis­ten­ing to a good voice is haram, then tak­ing plea­sure in all these oth­er things is also haram.”
    The Prophet Allowed Drum-Play­ing For A Good Intention :
    Ibn Abbad the Muhad­dith gave the fol­low­ing fat­wa in his Let­ters.” He starts with the hadith, One lady came to the Prophet when he was return­ing from one of his bat­tles and she said, Ya Rasu­lal­lah, I have made an oath that if Allah sends you back safe, I would play this drum near you.” The Prophet said, Ful­fill your oath.” The hadith is found in Abu Dawud, Tir­mid­hi, and Ahmad.
    Ibn Abbad con­tin­ues, There is no doubt that the play­ing of a drum is a kind of enter­tain­ment, even though the Prophet ordered her to ful­fill her oath. He did that because her inten­tion was to hon­or him for return­ing safe­ly, and her inten­tion was a good inten­tion, not with the inten­tion of a sin or of wast­ing time. There­fore, if any­one cel­e­brates the time of the birth of the Prophet in a good way, with a good inten­tion, by read­ing Sira and prais­ing him, it is accepted.”

    The Prophet Empha­sized the Birth­day of Prophets

    NINTH : The Prophet empha­sized in his hadith both the day and the place of birth of pre­vi­ous prophets. Speak­ing of the great­ness of the day of Jum‘a (Fri­day), the Prophet said in his hadith : On that day [i.e. Jum‘a], Allah cre­at­ed Adam.” This means that the day of Fri­day is empha­sized because Allah cre­at­ed Adam on that day. That day is empha­sized because it saw the cre­ation of the prophet and father of all human beings. What about the day when the great­est of prophets and best of human beings was cre­at­ed ? The Prophet said : Tru­ly Allah made me the Seal of prophets while Adam was between water and clay.” This hadith is relat­ed by Ahmad in the Mus­nad, Bay­haqi in Dala’il al-Nubuwwa and oth­ers, and is sound and estab­lished as authentic.
    Why Bukhari Empha­sized Dying On Monday
    Imam Qastal­lani said in his com­men­tary on Bukhari : In his book on Jana’iz (Funer­als), Bukhari named an entire chap­ter Dying on Mon­day.” In it there is the hadith of A’isha relat­ing her father’s (Abu Bakr al-Sid­diq) ques­tion : On which day did the Prophet die?” She replied : Mon­day.” He asked : What day are we today?” She said, O my father, this is Mon­day.” Then he raised his hands and said : I beg you, O Allah, to let me die on Mon­day in order to coin­cide with the Prophet’s day of passing.”
    Imam Qastal­lani con­tin­ues, Why did Abu Bakr ask for his death to be on Mon­day ? So that his death would coin­cide with the day of the Prophet’s pass­ing, in order to receive the bara­ka of that day… Does any­one object to Abu Bakr’s ask­ing to pass away on that day for the sake of bara­ka ? Now, why are peo­ple object­ing to cel­e­brat­ing or empha­siz­ing the day of the Prophet s birth in order to get baraka?”
    The Prophet Empha­sized the Birth­place of Prophets
    A hadith authen­ti­fied by the hafiz al-Haytha­mi in Maj­ma‘ al- zawa’id states that on the night of Isra’ and Mi‘raj, the Prophet was ordered by Jib­ril to pray two rak‘ats in Bayt Lahm (Beth­le­hem), and Jib­ril asked him : Do you know where you prayed ? When the Prophet asked him where, he told him : You prayed where Isa was born.”(2)
    T
    he Ijma‘ of ula­ma on the Per­mis­si­bil­i­ty of Mawlid

    TENTH : Remem­ber­ing the Prophet’s birth­day is an act that all ula­ma of the Mus­lim world accept and still accept. This means that Allah accepts it, accord­ing to the say­ing of Ibn Mas‘ud relat­ed in Imam Ahmad’s Mus­nad with a sound chain : What­ev­er the major­i­ty of Mus­lims see as right, then this is good to Allah, and what­ev­er is seen by the major­i­ty of Mus­lims as wrong, it is wrong to Allah.”

    May Allah guide us all, Broth­ers. peace and bless­ing upon the Prophet, his house­hold, his com­pan­ions, and all those who fol­low and love him.