Bismika Allahuma Muslim Responses to Anti-Islam Polemics

Islam on Free­dom of Religion

Wan Azhar Wan Ahmad

History | Bismika Allahuma Team | July 2, 2006
Islam on Freedom of Religion 1

Apos­ta­sy, appar­ent­ly a human rights-relat­ed issue, is high­ly sen­si­tive to the mul­ti-racial and mul­ti-reli­gious char­ac­ter of Malaysia. It tends to be prob­lem­at­ic, unten­able to some, espe­cial­ly when it deals with con­ver­sion into and out of Islam. It is true, the whole ques­tion involves cer­tain legal and social impli­ca­tions. At times, its reper­cus­sions appear to rat­tle the social sol­i­dar­i­ty and reli­gious har­mo­ny of our peace­ful nation. All these threat­en­ing con­se­quences are actu­al­ly caused by igno­rance. This writ­ing is not to incite fur­ther dis­sen­sion. Nei­ther is it intend­ed to sound apolo­getic. On the con­trary it calls for all par­ties direct­ly or indi­rect­ly affect­ed by the sub­ject mat­ter, Mus­lims and non-Mus­lims alike, to view it with an open heart guid­ed by wisdom.

Schol­ars have admit­ted that Islam is the most mis­un­der­stood reli­gion of all world reli­gions. Mis­rep­re­sen­ta­tions and mis­per­cep­tions about it are caus­ing many to hur­ried­ly devel­op an unjus­ti­fied Islam­o­pho­bia. This syn­drome is actu­al­ly a fear of the unknown” as these peo­ple do not real­ly under­stand what Islam is all about. Many sim­ply accept the many glob­al mis­rep­re­sen­ta­tions inces­sant­ly put to them via the media.

Seen through the lens of dis­course on human rights, apos­ta­sy in Islam has been noto­ri­ous­ly brought into con­flict with the doc­trine of human rights in gen­er­al, and with the notion of free­dom of reli­gion in par­tic­u­lar. Among the ques­tions raised is, if Islam can eas­i­ly be embraced, by the same token, why does it not allow Mus­lims to leave Islam ?

It is unques­tion­able that Islam indeed rec­og­nizes human rights, in fact from its very incep­tion, long before these ideas were devel­oped and doc­u­ment­ed in its mod­ern sec­u­lar form by the West like the Unit­ed Nations Uni­ver­sal Dec­la­ra­tion of Human Rights, 1948. Islam, as sys­tem­at­i­cal­ly reflect­ed by the Cairo Uni­ver­sal Islam­ic Dec­la­ra­tion of Human Rights, 1981, advo­cates human rights via shari­ah. These objec­tives include the estab­lish­ment of jus­tice, indi­vid­ual edu­ca­tion and preser­va­tion of human wel­fare or inter­ests by pro­tect­ing and pre­serv­ing the free­dom of thought, wor­ship, rights to prop­er­ty and preser­va­tion of the prog­e­ny. These con­sti­tute the invi­o­lable prin­ci­ples of human rights”.

What many fail to under­stand is that Islam is prob­a­bly the only reli­gion that hon­ors its fol­low­ers to the utmost. Islam regards its adher­ents, both orig­i­nal­ly born Mus­lim as well as con­verts, as invalu­able assets. Once they come to the fold of Islam, they stand equal. There­fore, the respon­si­bil­i­ties, duties and rights of all Mus­lims are basi­cal­ly the same. Indi­vid­u­al­ly, they are equal­ly enti­tled to achieve suc­cess in this world as well as sal­va­tion in the here­after, guid­ed by and with­in the para­me­ters set up by shariah.

Mus­lims firm­ly believe that they are in the ter­ri­to­ry of truth, the right path. They are bathed in the bright­est light. For Mus­lims, truth is light, false­hood is dark­ness. There­fore, it is a grave injus­tice to them if they were to devi­ate from that truth. Fur­ther­more, the fact that Islam pro­hibits apos­ta­sy reflects the integri­ty and cred­i­bil­i­ty of the reli­gion. If Islam were to grant per­mis­sion for Mus­lims to change reli­gion at will, it would imply it has no dig­ni­ty, no self-esteem. And peo­ple may then ques­tion its com­plete­ness, truth­ful­ness and perfection.

Echo­ing the obser­va­tions of Syed Muham­mad Naquib al-Attas, rights” or huquq in Islam refers to some­thing that is right, true, cor­rect and prop­er. Free­dom” or ikhti­yar means a choice for the good or bet­ter. So it is nei­ther one’s right nor is it free­dom to choose some­thing evil, false, wrong, incor­rect or imperfect.

Reli­gious­ly, moral­ly and legal­ly, man has no right to do wrong. Nev­er­the­less, there are fee­ble, con­fused Mus­lims around. They may be the result of improp­er or inad­e­quate edu­ca­tion or the lack of expo­sure to the more com­pre­hen­sive teach­ings of Islam. And due to world­ly temp­ta­tions, this weak­ness caus­es their reli­gious foun­da­tions to become shaky. Appar­ent­ly, their com­mon fea­ture is a lack of knowl­edge and under­stand­ing of Islam. So if one insists on adopt­ing the afore­men­tioned wrong con­cep­tion of rights” and free­dom”, one is actu­al­ly expos­ing one’s shame­ful ignorance !

For con­verts, before they become Mus­lims, no mat­ter for what rea­son, it is only rea­son­able that they must have a cer­tain degree of basic knowl­edge about Islam. They must take efforts to study the fun­da­men­tals of the reli­gion first. This is actu­al­ly their respon­si­bil­i­ty and duty. Take note that rights do not come out of a vac­u­um ; they are accom­pa­nied by cer­tain respon­si­bil­i­ties and duties. For exam­ple, before one can exer­cise one’s free­dom to buy a car of his choice, one must first obtain a dri­ving licence. With­out that doc­u­ment, one will only endan­ger one­self as well as oth­ers. One can­not scream to be giv­en the right or free­dom to buy if the require­ment of respon­si­bil­i­ty is not ful­filled beforehand.

Mus­lims must under­stand that once they come into the fold of Islam, there is no ques­tion of leav­ing the faith or revert­ing to their ear­li­er beliefs even if the very rea­son for one to come to Islam in the first place ceas­es to exist. One may be a bad or a non-prac­tis­ing Mus­lim, but there is hard­ly any room avail­able for one to denounce that religion.

One can­not argue that Islam does not rec­og­nize the idea of free­dom of wor­ship. First and fore­most, the very doc­trine of Islam, as reflect­ed in the Quran, teach­es that there is no com­pul­sion. Free­dom of wor­ship is to be under­stood not only in the sense of mak­ing a choice for the bet­ter, but also in the sense of free­dom to prac­tise a par­tic­u­lar reli­gion. Once one accepts Islam or decides to become a Mus­lim, one is sub­ject­ed to all the rules pre­scribed by the religion.

If Islam for­bids apos­ta­sy, not only the Mus­lims must observe it, but the fol­low­ers of oth­er reli­gions that do not have such pro­vi­sions must appre­ci­ate and respect this posi­tion as well. This is actu­al­ly the free­dom of wor­ship that must be per­ceived by all.

The author is a Senior Fel­low for the Cen­tre for Syari­ah, Law and Polit­i­cal Sci­ence, Insti­tute of Islam­ic Under­stand­ing Malaysia (IKIM)
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28 comments on “Islam on Free­dom of Religion

  1. Malikam X

    Ishark, kind­ly give me time to get back to your burn­ing and per­ti­nent and hard and long ques­tions. I’m com­par­ing reli­gions so..let me try. I’m try­ing to get some­thing back to you in 1 week’s time. But, for the time being some answers…

    Q3. Nope. I dont think it is writ­ten”. Lit­er­al­ly Quran (not Koran) means The Recita­tion”. It was revealed to Muham­mad and, as he was illit­er­ate, he would recite it to his com­pan­ions, who will then have it scribed. Its form, in Ara­bic, amaz­ing­ly, has not changed since it was revealed 1400 years ago. That’s why you have some peo­ple who are Hafizs” (mean­ing to guard/​preserve) that’s how it has been pre­serve with­out change from Day 1. Since it is regard­ed as the true Word of God, I would expect ANY true Word of God” to be per­fect, unchange­able. Also, I think, some­where in the Quran, the Quran itself CHALLENGES humans to cre­ate some­thing that can equal its accu­ra­cy and lin­guis­tic excel­lence. Quite amaz­ing, i guess.

    Q4. Cir­cum­ci­sion. every man’s night­mare. How­ev­er, yr argument…u must keep what­ev­er God gave u.… I hope you dont believe that… pls make sure you cut yr nails and hair and brush yr teeth and etc, etc, etc… you get my drift ? Oth­er­wise, nev­er take the plane because if God had want­ed men to fly, He would haver giv­en them wings, huh?.

    His­tor­i­cal­ly, how­ev­er, cir­cum­ci­sion was Abra­ham’s covenant/​promise to God that his seeds” and those who fol­low his way” will be cir­cum­cised. By the way, I have read some­where that Amer­i­cans do it because it seems to let them tahan longer”… (I’ve got to try it someday…)

    Q5. Actu­al­ly, ter­ror­ists come in all col­ors and shapes. MaoTze­Tung and the Shaolin monks were con­sid­ered Subversives/​rebels/​extremists. Ever heard of Michael Collins ? VCD da… He was with the IRA… ter­ror oo.

    More recent­ly, the Okla­homa City bomb­ing was a ter­ror­ist attack on April 19, 1995, in which the Alfred P. Mur­rah Fed­er­al Build­ing, a U.S. gov­ern­ment office com­plex in down­town Okla­homa City, Okla­homa, was destroyed, killing 168 peo­ple. It is the dead­liest domes­tic ter­ror­ist attack in the his­to­ry of the Unit­ed States and was the dead­liest act of ter­ror­ism with­in U.S. bor­ders until Sep­tem­ber 112001.

    Of course, the Mus­lim ter­ror­ists again, huh ? Nope.

    Two men lat­er con­vict­ed of the bomb­ing, Tim­o­thy McVeigh and his friend Ter­ry Nichols.
    Also, it was nev­er proven who actu­al­ly did the 911 job.

    Q6. If mus­lim woman wears tudung for the obvi­ous rea­sons, why is it they still put on cos­met­ics ? Isnt tat con­tra­dict­ing the very rea­son they wear a tudung for ?

    »»»»»> Right on, mate!!!
    »»»»»> You said it exact­ly the way it should be said. I cant add any­thing else.
    »»»»»> All of you Mus­lim women with tudung” and 2.53 inch thick cos­met­ics, lis­ten up!!!

  2. Terence

    Inter­est­ing.

    If what Leon says is true, then Jesus lied.

    Because, the NET EFFECT was, if by the act of Jesus”, we are no longer bound by the Law , then Jesus DID, in effect, come to destroy…

    hmm­m­m­mm.…

  3. Leon

    Star­ta­cus, you fail to notice that Jesus pro­claimed from the cross that all was ful­filled and then He died. The Law and all that goes with it died with Jesus. The New Cre­ation com­menced at His Res­ur­rec­tion. Chris­tians are no longer bound by the Law but dead to it. Chris­tians live as a new cre­ation in Christ. Chris­tians no longer observe the Jew­ish Sab­bath but Sun­day, the Day Jesus rose from the dead and the first day of the new creation.

  4. Startucus

    Thank you, pvb. I appre­ci­ate your response. I will not use great words like peace, for­give­ness, grace and write beau­ti­ful essays. I am still study­ing life so if you may bear with my shortcomings.

    What you just did was you, your­self, by your OWN AUTHORITY, have sin­gle-hand­ed­ly ren­dered the Old Tes­ta­ment null and void”. I think even the nor­mal layper­son will ask, By what/​whose author­i­ty did he do that by?” …because it seems to me to it is a BIG and SERIOUS mat­ter, ie the abro­ga­tion of the Old Tes­ta­ment. So. Why dont we do this…

    Will you REALLY fol­low what Jesus” (your God) have him­self said, in your New tes­ta­ment even ?

    Do you REALLY want to know, in your own words, the path Jesus taught us (incl you) to FOLLOW”. Will you then REALLY FOLLOW ?

    What if, Jesus” so very solemn­ly affirms, that until heav­ens and the earth are no more” that .… NOT ONE JOT OR ONE TITTLE (not one dot, not one lit­tle stroke- he” is VERY seri­ous here) shall be dropped (or dis­ap­pear) from the Law of the Prophets till ALL be full­filled”? What if all this comes from the New Testament ?

    Will you then fol­low ? I hope you will not tell me that you will fol­low what oth­er MEN tell you. Espe­cial­ly when, YOUR GOD (“Jesus”) said, in very CLEAR and EXPLICIT words …

    In Matthew 5:17 – 18

    Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets ; I am not come to destroy, but to ful­fill. For ver­i­ly, I say unto you, till heav­en and earth pass, one jot or one tit­tle shall in no wise pass from the law till all be fulfilled.”

    In your own beau­ti­ful words, for it is when we do not fol­low the words of Christ that we fail…”

  5. pvb

    Star­tu­cus

    You quote the Old Tes­ta­ment. That is the his­to­ry of Chris­tian­i­ty before the light of the world came to us. The Old Tes­ta­ment was the LAW before GOD gave us the GIFT OF GRACE through the sac­ri­fice of the per­fect light. You must use the New Test­n­ment to point to the fail­ures of Chris­tains, for it is when we do not fol­low the words of Christ that we fail because we are only human.

    Mohamed, Mohd Shafeeque, Sis­ter Safiyyah

    Just the same Mus­lims believe that we can not under­stand your book the Koran!!!

    tariq

    Chris­tain­i­ty deals with truth of what is in your heart, for­give­ness and grace. What good is there if only in the out­ward appear­ance but in the heart, Islam is being cursed for forc­ing a per­son to stay com­mit­ted to a reli­gion they no longer follow ?

    The strongest pow­er in the world is for­give­ness and grace, that is the path Jesus taught us to fol­low and that is the path what true Chris­tains are try­ing to follow.

  6. Ishark

    I just got a few burn­ing ques­tions to ask the mus­lim bors and sis.I meant no offence here should i offend any­one who there, pls accept my sin­cere apol­o­gy first.
    Case in point, I’m in love wif a mus­lim woman right now.But still being a non-mus­lim, things r real­ly get­ting dif­fi­cult for me here as there r tonnes of things i do not understand.I hope u guys do give me a pin­ter or two.
    1) Why is it that i must con­vert to islam should i mar­ry a mus­lim ? If so, even if i dun believe in the reli­gion, but becoz i wan­na be wif the per­son i love, how ? No choice right, be it like it or not i have to convert.Why is it tat reli­gion must divide a true love ?

    2) Every­one should be giv­en a choice to choose their reli­gion and not born wif it.Watz the point of being hard wired since birth to believe some things but end up when u grow up, armed wif edu­ca­tion, log­ic and com­mon sense, u decide to renounce or leave the reli­gion, can ppl judge u ? ulti­mate­ly, itz between u and the god if there hap­pens to be one in the first place.What rights go oth­ers have to place judge­ment on u but God himself ?

    3) Koran is wri­iten, and humans do make mis­takes, so am I cor­rect to say the itz might not be the entire­ly cor­rect ? Reli­gion is juz a way to guide u but by con­trol­ling u juz makes things wrong.

    4) U r born wif wat­ev­er God has giv­en you, why is it then tat u have to cir­cum­cise, to remove that piece of flesh tat god has giv­en u ?

    5) If ter­ror­ists have mis­in­ter­pret the teach­ings of koran, then why is it only mus­lims have ter­ror­ists ? How come we dont have chris­t­ian or bud­dhist terrorists ?

    6) If mus­lim woman wears tudung for the obvi­ous rea­sons, why is it they still put on cos­met­ics ? Isnt tat con­tra­dict­ing the very rea­son they wear a tudung for ?

    7) If ppl can con­vert to islam then why mus­lims can­not con­vert out of islam ? Isnt it so self­ish and unreasonable ?

    8) If addic­tion is con­sid­er a sin then should all mus­lims be lead­ing a sec­u­lar life ? Every­day ppl r juz sat­is­fy­ing their addic­tion, be it tv pro­grammes, food or oth­er world­ly desires.

    Sor­ry once again if i offend­ed any­one here, but i do hope to have my ques­tions answered.Thank u

  7. Startucus

    Gila & Co, please refer to the Bible which strong­ly states of apostacy…

    Deuteron­o­my 13:6 – 9 If your very own broth­er, or your son or daugh­ter, or the wife you love, or your clos­est friend secret­ly entices you, say­ing : Let us go and wor­ship oth­er gods (gods that nei­ther you nor your fathers have known, gods of the peo­ples around you, whether near or far, from one end of Dthe land to the oth­er, or gods of oth­er reli­gions), do not yield to him or lis­ten to him. Show him no pity.o not spare him or shield him. You must cer­tain­ly put him to death. Your hand must be the first in putting him to death, and then the hands of all the people.”

    Deuteron­o­my 17:3 – 5 And he should go and wor­ship oth­er gods and bow down to them or to the sun or the moon or all the army of the heav­ens, .….and you must stone such one with stones and such one must die.”

    2 Chron­i­cles 15:13 All who would not seek the LORD, the God of Israel, were to be put to death, whether small or great, man or woman.”

  8. Startucus

    I have also enjoyed being on the side­lines, but I could­nt help but to
    be amazed that Gila adds 1+1=1. How about 1+1+1=1 ?

    sor­ry, not reli­gious, just maths crazy.

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